The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer.
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs. The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape. The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness. In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors（肿瘤）of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles. As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure. Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer. Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking. Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___.
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura. In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure.
___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions. The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs. Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
| 小题1: |
| A．skin |
B．blood |
C．liver |
D．lung |
|
| 小题2: |
| A．loses |
B．gains |
C．improves |
D．tightens |
|
| 小题3: |
| A．early |
B．formal |
C．later |
D．final |
|
| 小题4: |
| A．size |
B．color |
C．sound |
D．smell |
|
| 小题5: |
| A．noun |
B．term |
C．way |
D．approach |
|
| 小题6: |
| A．related |
B．revealed |
C．compared |
D．exposed |
|
| 小题7: |
| A．disappear |
B．spread |
C．live |
D．extend |
|
| 小题8: |
| A．presence |
B．activeness |
C．absence |
D．intensity |
|
| 小题9: |
| A．and |
B．alongside |
C．as well as |
D．plus |
|
| 小题10: |
| A．decreased |
B．lost |
C．doubled |
D．increased |
|
| 小题11: |
| A．diet |
B．drink |
C．smoke |
D．fare |
|
| 小题12: |
| A．high |
B．low |
C．common |
D．frequent |
|
| 小题13: |
| A．lead |
B．asbestos |
C．carbon |
D．hydrogen |
|
| 小题14: |
| A．Three |
B．Some |
C．No |
D．Other |
|
| 小题15: |
| A．in case |
B．now that |
C．whereas |
D．unless |
|
